Quick answer
Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia are major PV module and mounting suppliers to Europe, the US and Australia. Typical MOQ is one container (about 620-700 modules), FOB USD 0.10-0.17 per watt for modules and USD 0.05-0.10 per watt for racking, and lead time is 35-60 days. Trade-remedy status by country and factory matters as much as price.
Country fit
| Country | Best for | MOQ | FOB |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnam | TOPCon and PERC modules, large capacity | 1x40HQ | USD 0.10-0.15 /W |
| Thailand | Modules plus aluminium racking and mounting kits | 1x40HQ | USD 0.11-0.17 /W |
| Malaysia | Tier-1 cell and module lines, US-facing programmes | 1x40HQ | USD 0.13-0.17 /W |
Specs to lock before quoting
- Module: cell technology (TOPCon, PERC, HJT), wattage bin, efficiency, bifaciality factor.
- Build: glass-glass or glass-backsheet, frame height, junction box IP rating, connector brand.
- Warranty: product years and linear performance curve, backed by the manufacturer entity.
- Racking: aluminium alloy grade, anodising thickness, wind and snow load calculation, stainless fastener grade.
- Packing: vertical or horizontal pallets, modules per pallet, container loading plan.
Compliance
- IEC 61215 and 61730 module certification; UL 61730 for the US market.
- EU CE marking and, where required, low-carbon or ecodesign documentation.
- US: verify anti-dumping/countervailing duty status and UFLPA traceability documents for polysilicon.
- Origin documents for ATIGA, EVFTA, UKVFTA or CPTPP duty preference.
Quality control plan
- Verify certificates against the certifier database, matched to the exact bill of materials.
- Pre-production: EL imaging and flash-test report sampling with power bin distribution.
- During loading: 100% carton condition check, EL sampling, torque and frame inspection.
- Third-party witness for container loading and pallet lashing on every shipment.
Landed cost example
| Line | USD / 1x40HQ (about 400 kW) |
|---|---|
| FOB at USD 0.12 /W | 48,000 |
| Ocean freight + insurance | 3,000 |
| Duty and destination charges | 1,500-6,000 |
| Landed cost per watt | USD 0.131-0.143 |
FAQ
Are ASEAN modules subject to US duties?
It depends on the exporting country, the factory and the current determinations. Confirm status in writing before ordering, per factory.
Should I buy racking from the same country?
Often yes, because it consolidates freight and gives one accountable party for fit issues.
How do I protect the warranty?
Insist the warranty is issued by the manufacturing entity and that serial numbers are recorded per pallet.
Work with TUSKO
We handle factory qualification, certificate verification, loading supervision and consolidated shipping under one purchase order and one price, with our fee already built into the landed cost. Send your project size and specification to contact@tuskoconsulting.com or WhatsApp Business @tuskoconsulting and we reply within 12-24 hours.